Joined: Jun 2015
Posts: 96
contract law
3/13/2016 at 12:28 PM
OFFER
Each contract requires an offer and acceptance of that offer.
"... to constitute a contract, there must be an offer by one person to another and an acceptance of that offer by the person to whom it is made. A mere statement of a person's intention, or a declaration of his willingness to enter into negotiations is not an offer and cannot be accepted so as to form a valid contract" {Acme Grain Co. v. Wenaus, [1917] 36 DLR 347 (Sask.)}
An offer must be a clear, unequivocal and direct approach to another party to contract. Lawyers speak of certainty of terms as a condition of a valid offer.
For this reason, advertisements, catalogues or store flyers are not offers. In an advertisement, a pivotal term is uncertain: e.g., quantity.
Nor is a "for sale" sign on a used car.
invitation to treat - contract lawThe law calls these invitations to treat; essentially invitations to the general public to make an offer on a particular item. But, even here, there have been exceptions. For example, in a 1856 case, an advertisement of train rates was held to be a valid offer. Much depends on the wording of the "invitation".
An offer, once made, can be revoked before acceptance unless it is under seal. An offer can also expire if a deadline for acceptance passes.
If there is no specified deadline, then the offer expires in a "reasonable time", depending on the subject-matter of the contract.
For perishable goods such as food, a "reasonable time" would likely be a matter of days. The "reasonable time" would be longer where the subject matter of the contract is a building