That page is interesting. You'll notice that per captia, Canada emits roughly the same amount of carbon as the US & Australia, which makes sense as they are culturally and economically similar to us. They are also all oil-producing countries (you'll notice Saudi Arabia is the #1 per capita producer on this list).
But the China number is tricky. It's higher than developed countries like the UK, France and Italy (none of which have the climate extremes of Canada, the US, Australia, or China for that matter). But I'm wondering how much China's per capita numbers are influenced by a couple of factors:
1. Poverty. Much of China still lives in poverty, despite huge gains made there in recent decades. About half the working population still lives in rural areas, and 90% of their population still live on less than $3.10/day (
https://geopoliticalfutures.com/china-is-still-really-poor/). Poor countries tend to have less per capita emissions by virtue of the fact that not everyone has access to emission-producing infrastructure - they don't have all cars, for example, or may not be hooked into the power grid. By contrast, Canada's population is only about 15-18% rural, and the US is roughly 20%.
2. There's no explanation as to how this was calculated. How are emissions allocated? Is the emission from producing a product that is exported to Canada, for example, allocated to China or to Canada? How are oil sands emissions allocated? Again, are they allocaetd domestically or overseas?
3. While the absolute value of carbon emissions the most important metric, the source of those emissions also are a factor. China burns primarily coal, it accounts for something like 70% of it's emissions. That's a huge problem.
Just so we're clear, I'm neither agreeing or disagreeing with the carbon tax. I would be interested to see why countries like the UK, Germany, and France as so low, and if they would be so low if you accounted for differences in climate AND the fact that they are not oil-producing countries. If you removed that factor from countries like Canada, the US and Australia, would our numbers be closer? I don't know, but it would be interesting to find out.