Don't worry about the CD, it probably wouldn't help anyway.
The first thing I would try is hooking the computer up to a temporary wired connection if possible, and then running "Additional Drivers". You may find that the correct driver is available online and will be updated. If that doesn't work, get another USB WiFi dongle that comes from somewhere with a reasonable return policy in case it doesn't work.
Either way, this should be somewhat easily fixable. Linux works very well, I use Ubuntu Budgie 20.04 as my main OS, booting into Windows less than 30% of the time.
***edit***
In my screenshot, I'm using proprietary Nvidia drivers for my graphics card. The same dialog should search for any proprietary wifi drivers also. No guarantee, but the first thing to try.
Edited by RantsFromWinnipeg, 2020-08-13 18:39:05